opengraph-image and twitter-image — Next.js

The opengraph-image and twitter-image file conventions allow you to set Open Graph and Twitter images for a route segment.

They are useful for setting the images that appear on social networks and messaging apps when a user shares a link to your site.

There are two ways to set Open Graph and Twitter images:

Using image files (.jpg, .png, .gif)
Using code to generate images (.js, .ts, .tsx)

Image files (.jpg, .png, .gif)

Use an image file to set a route segment's shared image by placing an opengraph-image or twitter-image image file in the segment.

Next.js will evaluate the file and automatically add the appropriate tags to your app's <head> element.

File convention	Supported file types
`opengraph-image`	`.jpg`, `.jpeg`, `.png`, `.gif`
`twitter-image`	`.jpg`, `.jpeg`, `.png`, `.gif`
`opengraph-image.alt`	`.txt`
`twitter-image.alt`	`.txt`

Good to know:

The twitter-image file size must not exceed 5MB, and the opengraph-image file size must not exceed 8MB. If the image file size exceeds these limits, the build will fail.

`opengraph-image`

Add an opengraph-image.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif) image file to any route segment.

<meta property="og:image" content="<generated>" />
<meta property="og:image:type" content="<generated>" />
<meta property="og:image:width" content="<generated>" />
<meta property="og:image:height" content="<generated>" />

`twitter-image`

Add a twitter-image.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif) image file to any route segment.

<meta name="twitter:image" content="<generated>" />
<meta name="twitter:image:type" content="<generated>" />
<meta name="twitter:image:width" content="<generated>" />
<meta name="twitter:image:height" content="<generated>" />

`opengraph-image.alt.txt`

Add an accompanying opengraph-image.alt.txt file in the same route segment as the opengraph-image.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif) image its alt text.

About Acme

<meta property="og:image:alt" content="About Acme" />

`twitter-image.alt.txt`

Add an accompanying twitter-image.alt.txt file in the same route segment as the twitter-image.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif) image its alt text.

About Acme

<meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="About Acme" />

Generate images using code (.js, .ts, .tsx)

In addition to using literal image files, you can programmatically generate images using code.

Generate a route segment's shared image by creating an opengraph-image or twitter-image route that default exports a function.

File convention	Supported file types
`opengraph-image`	`.js`, `.ts`, `.tsx`
`twitter-image`	`.js`, `.ts`, `.tsx`

Good to know:

By default, generated images are statically optimized (generated at build time and cached) unless they use Request-time APIs or uncached data.

You can generate multiple Images in the same file using generateImageMetadata.

opengraph-image.js and twitter-image.js are special Route Handlers that are cached by default unless it uses a Request-time API or dynamic config option.

The easiest way to generate an image is to use the ImageResponse API from next/og.

import { ImageResponse } from 'next/og'
import { readFile } from 'node:fs/promises'
import { join } from 'node:path'

// Image metadata
export const alt = 'About Acme'
export const size = {
  width: 1200,
  height: 630,
}

export const contentType = 'image/png'

const interSemiBold = await readFile(
  join(process.cwd(), 'assets/Inter-SemiBold.ttf')
)

// Image generation
export default async function Image() {
  return new ImageResponse(
    (
      // ImageResponse JSX element
      <div
        style={{
          fontSize: 128,
          background: 'white',
          width: '100%',
          height: '100%',
          display: 'flex',
          alignItems: 'center',
          justifyContent: 'center',
        }}
      >
        About Acme
      </div>
    ),
    // ImageResponse options
    {
      // For convenience, we can re-use the exported opengraph-image
      // size config to also set the ImageResponse's width and height.
      ...size,
      fonts: [
        {
          name: 'Inter',
          data: interSemiBold,
          style: 'normal',
          weight: 400,
        },
      ],
    }
  )
}

import { ImageResponse } from 'next/og'
import { readFile } from 'node:fs/promises'
import { join } from 'node:path'

// Image metadata
export const alt = 'About Acme'
export const size = {
  width: 1200,
  height: 630,
}

export const contentType = 'image/png'

const interSemiBold = await readFile(
  join(process.cwd(), 'assets/Inter-SemiBold.ttf')
)

// Image generation
export default async function Image() {
  return new ImageResponse(
    (
      // ImageResponse JSX element
      <div
        style={{
          fontSize: 128,
          background: 'white',
          width: '100%',
          height: '100%',
          display: 'flex',
          alignItems: 'center',
          justifyContent: 'center',
        }}
      >
        About Acme
      </div>
    ),
    // ImageResponse options
    {
      // For convenience, we can re-use the exported opengraph-image
      // size config to also set the ImageResponse's width and height.
      ...size,
      fonts: [
        {
          name: 'Inter',
          data: interSemiBold,
          style: 'normal',
          weight: 400,
        },
      ],
    }
  )
}

<meta property="og:image" content="<generated>" />
<meta property="og:image:alt" content="About Acme" />
<meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" />
<meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" />
<meta property="og:image:height" content="630" />

Props

The default export function receives the following props:

`params` (optional)

A promise that resolves to an object containing the dynamic route parameters object from the root segment down to the segment opengraph-image or twitter-image is colocated in.

Good to know: If you use generateImageMetadata, the function will also receive an id prop that is a promise resolving to the id value from one of the items returned by generateImageMetadata.

export default async function Image({
  params,
}: {
  params: Promise<{ slug: string }>
}) {
  const { slug } = await params
  // ...
}

export default async function Image({ params }) {
  const { slug } = await params
  // ...
}

Route	URL	`params`
`app/shop/opengraph-image.js`	`/shop`	`undefined`
`app/shop/[slug]/opengraph-image.js`	`/shop/1`	`Promise<{ slug: '1' }>`
`app/shop/[tag]/[item]/opengraph-image.js`	`/shop/1/2`	`Promise<{ tag: '1', item: '2' }>`

Returns

The default export function should return a Response.

Good to know: ImageResponse satisfies this return type.

Config exports

You can optionally configure the image's metadata by exporting alt, size, and contentType variables from opengraph-image or twitter-image route.

Option	Type
`alt`	`string`
`size`	`{ width: number; height: number }`
`contentType`	`string` - image MIME type

`alt`

export const alt = 'My images alt text'

export default function Image() {}

export const alt = 'My images alt text'

export default function Image() {}

<meta property="og:image:alt" content="My images alt text" />

`size`

export const size = { width: 1200, height: 630 }

export default function Image() {}

export const size = { width: 1200, height: 630 }

export default function Image() {}

<meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" />
<meta property="og:image:height" content="630" />

`contentType`

export const contentType = 'image/png'

export default function Image() {}

export const contentType = 'image/png'

export default function Image() {}

<meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" />

Route Segment Config

opengraph-image and twitter-image are specialized Route Handlers that can use the same route segment configuration options as Pages and Layouts.

Examples

Using external data

This example uses the params object and external data to generate the image.

Good to know: By default, this generated image will be statically optimized. You can configure the individual fetch options or route segments options to change this behavior.

import { ImageResponse } from 'next/og'

export const alt = 'About Acme'
export const size = {
  width: 1200,
  height: 630,
}
export const contentType = 'image/png'

export default async function Image({
  params,
}: {
  params: Promise<{ slug: string }>
}) {
  const { slug } = await params
  const post = await fetch(`https://.../posts/${slug}`).then((res) =>
    res.json()
  )

  return new ImageResponse(
    (
      <div
        style={{
          fontSize: 48,
          background: 'white',
          width: '100%',
          height: '100%',
          display: 'flex',
          alignItems: 'center',
          justifyContent: 'center',
        }}
      >
        {post.title}
      </div>
    ),
    {
      ...size,
    }
  )
}

import { ImageResponse } from 'next/og'

export const alt = 'About Acme'
export const size = {
  width: 1200,
  height: 630,
}
export const contentType = 'image/png'

export default async function Image({ params }) {
  const { slug } = await params
  const post = await fetch(`https://.../posts/${slug}`).then((res) =>
    res.json()
  )

  return new ImageResponse(
    (
      <div
        style={{
          fontSize: 48,
          background: 'white',
          width: '100%',
          height: '100%',
          display: 'flex',
          alignItems: 'center',
          justifyContent: 'center',
        }}
      >
        {post.title}
      </div>
    ),
    {
      ...size,
    }
  )
}

Using Node.js runtime with local assets

These examples use the Node.js runtime to fetch a local image from the file system and pass it to the <img> src attribute, either as a base64 string or an ArrayBuffer. Place the local asset relative to the project root, not the example source file.

The asset doesn't depend on request data, so read it once at module scope. See Predictable values.

import { ImageResponse } from 'next/og'
import { join } from 'node:path'
import { readFile } from 'node:fs/promises'

const logoData = await readFile(join(process.cwd(), 'logo.png'), 'base64')
const logoSrc = `data:image/png;base64,${logoData}`

export default async function Image() {
  return new ImageResponse(
    (
      <div
        style={{
          display: 'flex',
          alignItems: 'center',
          justifyContent: 'center',
        }}
      >
        <img src={logoSrc} height="100" />
      </div>
    )
  )
}

import { ImageResponse } from 'next/og'
import { join } from 'node:path'
import { readFile } from 'node:fs/promises'

const logoData = await readFile(join(process.cwd(), 'logo.png'), 'base64')
const logoSrc = `data:image/png;base64,${logoData}`

export default async function Image() {
  return new ImageResponse(
    (
      <div
        style={{
          display: 'flex',
          alignItems: 'center',
          justifyContent: 'center',
        }}
      >
        <img src={logoSrc} height="100" />
      </div>
    )
  )
}

Passing an ArrayBuffer to the src attribute of an <img> element is not part of the HTML spec. The rendering engine used by next/og supports it, but because TypeScript definitions follow the spec, you need a @ts-expect-error directive or similar to use this feature.

import { ImageResponse } from 'next/og'
import { join } from 'node:path'
import { readFile } from 'node:fs/promises'

const logoData = await readFile(join(process.cwd(), 'logo.png'))
const logoSrc = Uint8Array.from(logoData).buffer

export default async function Image() {
  return new ImageResponse(
    (
      <div
        style={{
          display: 'flex',
          alignItems: 'center',
          justifyContent: 'center',
        }}
      >
        {/* @ts-expect-error Satori accepts ArrayBuffer/typed arrays for <img src> at runtime */}
        <img src={logoSrc} height="100" />
      </div>
    )
  )
}

import { ImageResponse } from 'next/og'
import { join } from 'node:path'
import { readFile } from 'node:fs/promises'

const logoData = await readFile(join(process.cwd(), 'logo.png'))
const logoSrc = Uint8Array.from(logoData).buffer

export default async function Image() {
  return new ImageResponse(
    (
      <div
        style={{
          display: 'flex',
          alignItems: 'center',
          justifyContent: 'center',
        }}
      >
        <img src={logoSrc} height="100" />
      </div>
    )
  )
}

Version History

Version	Changes
`v16.0.0`	`params` is now a promise that resolves to an object
`v13.3.0`	`opengraph-image` and `twitter-image` introduced.

Source: docs/01-app/03-api-reference/03-file-conventions/01-metadata/opengraph-image.mdx