Codemods are transformations that run on your codebase programmatically. This allows a large number of changes to be programmatically applied without having to manually go through every file.

Next.js provides Codemod transformations to help upgrade your Next.js codebase when an API is updated or deprecated.

Usage

In your terminal, navigate (cd) into your project's folder, then run:

npx @next/codemod <transform> <path>

Replacing <transform> and <path> with appropriate values.

• transform - name of transform
• path - files or directory to transform
• --dry Do a dry-run, no code will be edited
• --print Prints the changed output for comparison

Upgrade

Upgrades your Next.js application, automatically running codemods and updating Next.js, React, and React DOM.

npx @next/codemod upgrade [revision]

Options

• revision (optional): Specify the upgrade type (patch, minor, major), an NPM dist tag (e.g. latest, canary, rc), or an exact version (e.g. 15.0.0). Defaults to minor for stable versions.
• --verbose: Show more detailed output during the upgrade process.
• -y, --yes: Skip every interactive prompt and accept its default (upgrade React past 18, enable Turbopack, apply all recommended codemods, run the React 19 codemods). Also auto-enabled when stdin is not a TTY (CI, an AI coding agent, or any non-interactive shell), so you usually don't need to pass it explicitly.

For example:

# Upgrade to the latest patch (e.g. 16.0.7 -> 16.0.8)
npx @next/codemod upgrade patch

# Upgrade to the latest minor (e.g. 15.3.7 -> 15.4.8). This is the default.
npx @next/codemod upgrade minor

# Upgrade to the latest major (e.g. 15.5.7 -> 16.0.7)
npx @next/codemod upgrade major

# Upgrade to a specific version
npx @next/codemod upgrade 16

# Upgrade to the canary release
npx @next/codemod upgrade canary

# Run from an agent or CI: skip every prompt
npx @next/codemod upgrade canary --yes

Good to know:

• If the target version is the same as or lower than your current version, the command exits without making changes.
• During the upgrade, you may be prompted to choose which Next.js codemods to apply and run React 19 codemods if upgrading React.
• When invoked by an AI coding agent or in CI (anywhere stdin isn't a TTY), the upgrade runs non-interactively and accepts every default. Pass --yes to force this behavior even from a terminal.

Codemods

16.3

Opt every route out of Cache Components validation

cache-components-instant-false

npx @next/codemod@canary cache-components-instant-false ./app

This codemod adds export const instant = false to every app/**/{page,layout,default} file that doesn't already export instant, so you can enable cacheComponents and then remove the opt-outs route by route. It skips Client Components ("use client") and files that already declare instant.

+ // TODO: Cache Components adoption. Refactor this route so this opt-out can be removed.
+ // See: https://nextjs.org/docs/app/guides/migrating-to-cache-components
+ export const instant = false
+
  export default function Page() {
    return <h1>Hello</h1>
  }

See the Migrating to Cache Components guide for the full adoption path.

Remove prefetch = 'partial' Route Segment Config after enabling Partial Prefetching

remove-partial-prefetch

npx @next/codemod@canary remove-partial-prefetch ./app

This codemod removes export const prefetch = 'partial' from app/**/{page,layout} files, so you can enable partialPrefetching globally and then drop the now-redundant per-route opt-ins. It removes only the 'partial' value and leaves other values such as prefetch = 'allow-runtime' in place.

- export const prefetch = 'partial'

See the Adopting Partial Prefetching guide for the full adoption path.

16.0

Remove experimental_ppr Route Segment Config from App Router pages and layouts

remove-experimental-ppr

npx @next/codemod@latest remove-experimental-ppr .

This codemod removes the experimental_ppr Route Segment Config from App Router pages and layouts.

- export const experimental_ppr = true;

Remove unstable_ prefix from stabilized API

remove-unstable-prefix

npx @next/codemod@latest remove-unstable-prefix .

This codemod removes the unstable_ prefix from stabilized API.

For example:

import { unstable_cacheTag as cacheTag } from 'next/cache'

cacheTag()

Transforms into:

import { cacheTag } from 'next/cache'

cacheTag()

Migrate from deprecated middleware convention to proxy

middleware-to-proxy

npx @next/codemod@latest middleware-to-proxy .

This codemod migrates projects from using the deprecated middleware convention to using the proxy convention. It:

• Renames middleware.<extension> to proxy.<extension> (e.g. middleware.ts to proxy.ts)
• Renames named export middleware to proxy
• Renames Next.js config property experimental.middlewarePrefetch to experimental.proxyPrefetch
• Renames Next.js config property experimental.middlewareClientMaxBodySize to experimental.proxyClientMaxBodySize
• Renames Next.js config property experimental.externalMiddlewareRewritesResolve to experimental.externalProxyRewritesResolve
• Renames Next.js config property skipMiddlewareUrlNormalize to skipProxyUrlNormalize

For example:

import { NextResponse } from 'next/server'

export function middleware() {
  return NextResponse.next()
}

Transforms into:

import { NextResponse } from 'next/server'

export function proxy() {
  return NextResponse.next()
}

Migrate from next lint to ESLint CLI

next-lint-to-eslint-cli

npx @next/codemod@canary next-lint-to-eslint-cli .

This codemod migrates projects from using next lint to using the ESLint CLI with your local ESLint config. It:

• Creates an eslint.config.mjs file with Next.js recommended configurations
• Updates package.json scripts to use eslint . instead of next lint
• Adds necessary ESLint dependencies to package.json
• Preserves existing ESLint configurations when found

For example:

{
  "scripts": {
    "lint": "next lint"
  }
}

Becomes:

{
  "scripts": {
    "lint": "eslint ."
  }
}

And creates:

import { dirname } from 'path'
import { fileURLToPath } from 'url'
import { FlatCompat } from '@eslint/eslintrc'

const __filename = fileURLToPath(import.meta.url)
const __dirname = dirname(__filename)

const compat = new FlatCompat({
  baseDirectory: __dirname,
})

const eslintConfig = [
  ...compat.extends('next/core-web-vitals', 'next/typescript'),
  {
    ignores: [
      'node_modules/**',
      '.next/**',
      'out/**',
      'build/**',
      'next-env.d.ts',
    ],
  },
]

export default eslintConfig

15.0

Transform App Router Route Segment Config runtime value from experimental-edge to edge

app-dir-runtime-config-experimental-edge

Note: This codemod is App Router specific.

npx @next/codemod@latest app-dir-runtime-config-experimental-edge .

This codemod transforms Route Segment Config runtime value experimental-edge to edge.

For example:

export const runtime = 'experimental-edge'

Transforms into:

export const runtime = 'edge'

Migrate to async Dynamic APIs

APIs that opted into dynamic rendering that previously supported synchronous access are now asynchronous. You can read more about this breaking change in the upgrade guide.

next-async-request-api

npx @next/codemod@latest next-async-request-api .

This codemod will transform dynamic APIs (cookies(), headers() and draftMode() from next/headers) that are now asynchronous to be properly awaited or wrapped with React.use() if applicable. When an automatic migration isn't possible, the codemod will either add a typecast (if a TypeScript file) or a comment to inform the user that it needs to be manually reviewed & updated.

For example:

import { cookies, headers } from 'next/headers'
const token = cookies().get('token')

function useToken() {
  const token = cookies().get('token')
  return token
}

export default function Page() {
  const name = cookies().get('name')
}

function getHeader() {
  return headers().get('x-foo')
}

Transforms into:

import { use } from 'react'
import {
  cookies,
  headers,
  type UnsafeUnwrappedCookies,
  type UnsafeUnwrappedHeaders,
} from 'next/headers'
const token = (cookies() as unknown as UnsafeUnwrappedCookies).get('token')

function useToken() {
  const token = use(cookies()).get('token')
  return token
}

export default async function Page() {
  const name = (await cookies()).get('name')
}

function getHeader() {
  return (headers() as unknown as UnsafeUnwrappedHeaders).get('x-foo')
}

When we detect property access on the params or searchParams props in the page / route entries (page.js, layout.js, route.js, or default.js) or the generateMetadata / generateViewport APIs, it will attempt to transform the callsite from a sync to an async function, and await the property access. If it can't be made async (such as with a Client Component), it will use React.use to unwrap the promise .

For example:

// page.tsx
export default function Page({
  params,
  searchParams,
}: {
  params: { slug: string }
  searchParams: { [key: string]: string | string[] | undefined }
}) {
  const { value } = searchParams
  if (value === 'foo') {
    // ...
  }
}

export function generateMetadata({ params }: { params: { slug: string } }) {
  const { slug } = params
  return {
    title: `My Page - ${slug}`,
  }
}

Transforms into:

// page.tsx
export default async function Page(props: {
  params: Promise<{ slug: string }>
  searchParams: Promise<{ [key: string]: string | string[] | undefined }>
}) {
  const searchParams = await props.searchParams
  const { value } = searchParams
  if (value === 'foo') {
    // ...
  }
}

export async function generateMetadata(props: {
  params: Promise<{ slug: string }>
}) {
  const params = await props.params
  const { slug } = params
  return {
    title: `My Page - ${slug}`,
  }
}

Good to know: When this codemod identifies a spot that might require manual intervention, but we aren't able to determine the exact fix, it will add a comment or typecast to the code to inform the user that it needs to be manually updated. These comments are prefixed with @next/codemod, and typecasts are prefixed with UnsafeUnwrapped. Your build will error until these comments are explicitly removed. Read more.

Replace geo and ip properties of NextRequest with @vercel/functions

next-request-geo-ip

npx @next/codemod@latest next-request-geo-ip .

This codemod installs @vercel/functions and transforms geo and ip properties of NextRequest with corresponding @vercel/functions features.

For example:

import type { NextRequest } from 'next/server'

export function GET(req: NextRequest) {
  const { geo, ip } = req
}

Transforms into:

import type { NextRequest } from 'next/server'
import { geolocation, ipAddress } from '@vercel/functions'

export function GET(req: NextRequest) {
  const geo = geolocation(req)
  const ip = ipAddress(req)
}

14.0

Migrate ImageResponse imports

next-og-import

npx @next/codemod@latest next-og-import .

This codemod moves transforms imports from next/server to next/og for usage of Dynamic OG Image Generation.

For example:

import { ImageResponse } from 'next/server'

Transforms into:

import { ImageResponse } from 'next/og'

Use viewport export

metadata-to-viewport-export

npx @next/codemod@latest metadata-to-viewport-export .

This codemod migrates certain viewport metadata to viewport export.

For example:

export const metadata = {
  title: 'My App',
  themeColor: 'dark',
  viewport: {
    width: 1,
  },
}

Transforms into:

export const metadata = {
  title: 'My App',
}

export const viewport = {
  width: 1,
  themeColor: 'dark',
}

13.2

Use Built-in Font

built-in-next-font

npx @next/codemod@latest built-in-next-font .

This codemod uninstalls the @next/font package and transforms @next/font imports into the built-in next/font.

For example:

import { Inter } from '@next/font/google'

Transforms into:

import { Inter } from 'next/font/google'

13.0

Rename Next Image Imports

next-image-to-legacy-image

npx @next/codemod@latest next-image-to-legacy-image .

Safely renames next/image imports in existing Next.js 10, 11, or 12 applications to next/legacy/image in Next.js 13. Also renames next/future/image to next/image.

For example:

import Image1 from 'next/image'
import Image2 from 'next/future/image'

export default function Home() {
  return (
    <div>
      <Image1 src="/test.jpg" width="200" height="300" />
      <Image2 src="/test.png" width="500" height="400" />
    </div>
  )
}

Transforms into:

// 'next/image' becomes 'next/legacy/image'
import Image1 from 'next/legacy/image'
// 'next/future/image' becomes 'next/image'
import Image2 from 'next/image'

export default function Home() {
  return (
    <div>
      <Image1 src="/test.jpg" width="200" height="300" />
      <Image2 src="/test.png" width="500" height="400" />
    </div>
  )
}

Migrate to the New Image Component

next-image-experimental

npx @next/codemod@latest next-image-experimental .

Dangerously migrates from next/legacy/image to the new next/image by adding inline styles and removing unused props.

• Removes layout prop and adds style.
• Removes objectFit prop and adds style.
• Removes objectPosition prop and adds style.
• Removes lazyBoundary prop.
• Removes lazyRoot prop.

Remove <a> Tags From Link Components

new-link

npx @next/codemod@latest new-link .

Remove <a> tags inside Link Components.

Remove <a> tags inside Link Components.

For example:

<Link href="/about">
  <a>About</a>
</Link>
// transforms into
<Link href="/about">
  About
</Link>

<Link href="/about">
  <a onClick={() => console.log('clicked')}>About</a>
</Link>
// transforms into
<Link href="/about" onClick={() => console.log('clicked')}>
  About
</Link>

11

Migrate from CRA

cra-to-next

npx @next/codemod cra-to-next

Migrates a Create React App project to Next.js; creating a Pages Router and necessary config to match behavior. Client-side only rendering is leveraged initially to prevent breaking compatibility due to window usage during SSR and can be enabled seamlessly to allow the gradual adoption of Next.js specific features.

Please share any feedback related to this transform in this discussion.

10

Add React imports

add-missing-react-import

npx @next/codemod add-missing-react-import

Transforms files that do not import React to include the import in order for the new React JSX transform to work.

For example:

export default class Home extends React.Component {
  render() {
    return <div>Hello World</div>
  }
}

Transforms into:

import React from 'react'
export default class Home extends React.Component {
  render() {
    return <div>Hello World</div>
  }
}

9

Transform Anonymous Components into Named Components

name-default-component

npx @next/codemod name-default-component

Versions 9 and above.

Transforms anonymous components into named components to make sure they work with Fast Refresh.

For example:

export default function () {
  return <div>Hello World</div>
}

Transforms into:

export default function MyComponent() {
  return <div>Hello World</div>
}

The component will have a camel-cased name based on the name of the file, and it also works with arrow functions.

8

Note: Built-in AMP support and this codemod have been removed in Next.js 16.

Transform AMP HOC into page config

withamp-to-config

npx @next/codemod withamp-to-config

Transforms the withAmp HOC into Next.js 9 page configuration.

For example:

// Before
import { withAmp } from 'next/amp'

function Home() {
  return <h1>My AMP Page</h1>
}

export default withAmp(Home)

// After
export default function Home() {
  return <h1>My AMP Page</h1>
}

export const config = {
  amp: true,
}

6

Use withRouter

url-to-withrouter

npx @next/codemod url-to-withrouter

Transforms the deprecated automatically injected url property on top level pages to using withRouter and the router property it injects. Read more here: https://nextjs.org/docs/messages/url-deprecated

For example:

import React from 'react'
export default class extends React.Component {
  render() {
    const { pathname } = this.props.url
    return <div>Current pathname: {pathname}</div>
  }
}

import React from 'react'
import { withRouter } from 'next/router'
export default withRouter(
  class extends React.Component {
    render() {
      const { pathname } = this.props.router
      return <div>Current pathname: {pathname}</div>
    }
  }
)

This is one case. All the cases that are transformed (and tested) can be found in the __testfixtures__ directory.

Source: docs/01-app/02-guides/upgrading/codemods.mdx